Infectious+Agents

The 40 year old patient can be said to be suffering from Legionnaires’ disease, a form of lobar pneumonia. The bacterium, //Legionella pneumophillia//, //(L. pneumophillia// ) was discovered in 1977, and is the principal infectious agent of Legionnaires disease. // L. pneumophila // is the major infectious agent in many cases of //Legionellosi// //disease// (//Bartman et al, 2007).// It is the most common legionella species (repetition)  associated with human disease, it has been reported that it caused up to 15% of Community aquired pneumonia //(Marrie, 1989)//  // L. pneumophila, // is an evolving human pathogen (all forms of life evolve) that resides in natural environments as a parasite of freshwater occupying non-marine water sources that have contents rich in algal and iron, it has an aerobic metabolism which allows it to exist for short periods outside of aquatic environment //(Hoffma, 2007).// //L. pneumophilla,// is a gram-negative coccobacilii, and a non-sporulating forming flagellated bacilli of the //Legionella// genus. The bacterium is a non-capsulated, rod-like, facultative intracellular parasite of protozoa //(Rathore, 2006)//

// L. pneumophilla // is not a free living organism as it is an intracellular parasite of amoeba (repetition), amoeba and human macrophages are the main hosts of //L. pneumophila// //(fields, 1996).// It has a life cycle with two phases, a replicative phase which is subsequently followed by an infectious phase//. (Swanson, 2007)// //L. pneumophillia// serotype 1 is the main cause of Legionnaires’ disease (repetition) and frequently found from environmental sources. //(Palaz, 1996)//

__ REFERENCES __

(1) Bartman, J. Chartier, Y,. Lee, J.V., Pond, K., Surman-lee, S. (2007) legionella and Prevention of Legionellosis. Geneva: World Health Organization.

(2) Fields, B.S (1996). The molecular ecology of legionellae. //Trends in Microbiology//, 4:286–290.

(3) Fraser, D.W. (1986). //The peculiarities of “Legionella”.// American Philosophical society 130:330-335

(4) Hoffma, P., (2007) //Pathogenesis and Immunity//. Springer-Verlag New York ISBN: 0387708952.

(5) Marrie, T. J., Durant, H., & Yates, L. (1989). Community acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization; a 5 year prospective study. //Rev Infect// //Dis 11,// 586–599.

 (5) Rathore, M., Alvarez, A. (2006) //Legionella infection//. [|http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1288.htm. Accessed December 2011]

 (6) Swanson, M., (2007). //University of Michigan Department of Microbiology and Immunology// [] Accessed December 2011

(7) Pelaz, C., Garcia, L., Martin-bourgon, C., (1992). Legionellae. isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Spain Hoogenboo. By-passing immunisation: monoclonal typing of //Legionella pneumophila// Human antibodies from synthetic repertoires of germline VH serogroup 1 isolates. Epidemiology. Infect. 1983-90  <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">The work is well referenced but superficial, no details of life cycle, no supportive images, no explanation on why the bacteria is the main causative agent of the disease. You should have limited the repetitions and use the 500 words to include details and in depth discussion. List of reference need formatting as in reference page.